When ovulation induction by hCG/GnRH injection failed, estrogen and pregnane concentrations were significantly lower compared to ovulatory estrous ( P < 0.001). Our results suggest that hCG and GnRH analog facilitate an easily applicable treatment to induce ovulation in females with behavioral but at times an-ovulatory estrous. Frequent use of hCG as an ovulation inducer might help to achieve pregnancies in genetically important but an-ovulatory GOH rhinoceroses. The mean estrous cycle length of the greater one-horned (GOH) rhinoceros is 43 ± 6 d ( 1, 2). Like all other rhinoceros species, the GOH rhinoceros ( Rhinoceros unicornis) is mono-ovulatory. Follicles grow in waves, from which the dominant, preovulatory follicle develops. The preovulatory, Graafian follicle measures an exceptional 10–12 cm in diameter, which is much larger than in other rhinoceros species.
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